Imagine you are a part of a group of friends and you all agreed to do some chores at home to keep it clean and tidy. But, there's one friend who never does their part and always leaves a mess. This is kinda like what's happening with climate debt.
When you burn fossil fuels - things like coal, oil, and gas - it releases a lot of carbon dioxide into the air. This is causing the planet to warm up and change the climate. This impacts everyone around the world.
Some countries and people have polluted more than others, just like how that friend in the analogy made more mess than the others. So now, the countries who contributed the most to climate change have a climate debt to the rest of the world.
To pay off this climate debt, these countries must start reducing the amount of pollution they create and help other countries who are being negatively impacted by climate change. This is a fair way to make sure everyone is doing their part to protect the planet.