Critical exponents are numbers that help scientists understand how materials change when they are heated up or cooled down. For example, if you heat up a material, it might take up more space (expand), get softer, and become more fragile. Scientists use critical exponents to measure these changes and make predictions about materials behavior. Think of these exponents like pieces in a puzzle. When all of the pieces are put together, they tell us a lot about how the material will behave.