A data reference model is like a road map that helps people share information. It is made up of labels and descriptions that explain what kind of data can be found in each place. For example, if you have a list of people's names and addresses, the data reference model shows where in the list you can find the name, where you can find the address, and how to tell them apart. From the data reference model, you can quickly figure out what the list is about and what information should be in it.