So, back in the olden days of 1844, there was this place called the Duchy of Cornwall. A duchy is kind of like a big area of land that belongs to a duke or duchess. And in the Duchy of Cornwall, the most important person was the Duke of Cornwall.
But there was a problem. See, the Duke of Cornwall was just a baby! He couldn't really do anything by himself yet. So the people who were taking care of him and making decisions for him decided to make a new law called the Duchy of Cornwall Act 1844.
This law said that the money and land from the Duchy of Cornwall could be used to take care of the baby duke and pay for his education and stuff like that. But after he grew up and became the real Duke of Cornwall, he would get to have all the money and use it however he wanted!
And that's basically what the Duchy of Cornwall Act 1844 did. It made sure that the baby duke was taken care of while he grew up, and then gave him control over all the money and land in the Duchy of Cornwall when he was old enough.