Economic history of the world is a really big topic, so let me try to explain it in a way that a 5 year old can understand.
Economic history is like a story. It's all about the things people have done to try to make their lives better in different places around the world. People have built businesses, started trade routes, and come up with ways to use money over the years. With each new thing that people tried, the world changed a little bit more.
For example, people first learned how to use coins thousands of years ago. This made trading and buying things a lot easier and it changed the way people did business. Later, new technologies like the steam engine helped people in Europe to start the Industrial Revolution. This made producing bigger and more complicated things easier, and it changed the way people worked.
Now, there are all sorts of different economic systems that people around the world use. Some countries use money and businesses to make things, others use taxes and rules to control things, and some use a combination of both.
So, as time has gone on, people have changed the way they do things to make their lives better, and this has changed the economic history of the world.