During World War II, Poland was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Germans wanted to control everything in Poland, including education. They closed down Polish schools and forced Polish students to attend German schools. The German schools taught Nazi propaganda and German culture, and Polish history and culture were not allowed to be taught.
Polish teachers were often arrested or executed by the Germans for trying to teach their students about Polish culture and history. Some brave teachers continued to secretly teach Polish history and language, often risking their lives to do so.
The Germans also targeted academics, scientists, and intellectuals in Poland. They were arrested, tortured, and killed as part of the Germans' plan to eliminate Polish culture and identity.
Despite these harsh conditions, some Poles still managed to receive an education. They attended secret schools called "clandestine education," which operated out of private homes, churches, and other hidden locations. These schools taught Polish history, language, and culture, as well as other subjects like math and science.
In addition, some Poles went underground and joined the resistance against the Germans. These resistance fighters received military training and education to help them fight for Poland's freedom.
Overall, education in Poland during World War II was severely limited and controlled by the Germans. But some Poles still managed to receive an education, either through clandestine schools or through the resistance.