An 'emission test cycle' is something that measures how much pollution a vehicle gives off. Every car, truck, and other vehicle needs an emission test before it can legally be driven on the roads. The test looks at the amount of certain pollutants the vehicle is putting into the air. It then compares this to the amount allowed by law. If the vehicle is giving off too much pollution, it will not pass the test, and the driver will have to make some changes before the vehicle can legally be driven.