Error correcting codes are like a super-smart spell-checker for computers. Computers use them to fix errors that might happen when they send information to another computer.
Think about how you spell-check a homework assignment. It looks for misspellings, then it finds the right word and changes your wrong spelling. Error correcting codes do the same thing for computers. They look for errors in data when it is sent from one computer to another, and if they find any, they try to fix them. This way, the data sent from one computer to another is accurate and can be relied upon.