Okay, imagine you live in a big castle with a strong and powerful king. But there are also many people who live outside the castle, in small villages and farms, and they work hard every day to grow food and make clothes for themselves and others.
Now, sometimes these people are not happy with their lives. Maybe they feel like they are not being treated fairly, or they have to work too hard for too little. Sometimes, they might even decide to run away from their village or farm and go somewhere else.
When they do this, they become what we call "fugitive peasants." "Fugitive" means they are running away from something, and "peasants" means they are farmers or workers who don't have a lot of power or money.
So when these fugitive peasants run away, they might try to find a new place to live, or they might join other groups of fugitive peasants who have already formed their own communities. Sometimes, these communities can become very large and powerful, and they might even fight against the king and his soldiers.
But for the most part, being a fugitive peasant was a really hard life. They had to hide from the authorities, hunt for their own food, and build their own homes. It was a risky and dangerous way of life, but it was also a way for these people to try and find freedom and a better life.