Geometric phase

Geometric phase is like a tracing a circle with a pencil. Instead of drawing lines with your pencil, you trace a curve around the shape and finish at the same point where you started. The pattern you draw is called a 'geometric phase' and it is a way for scientists to measure the forces around a shape. It's a bit like magic when you think about it — the forces that influence this shape make all the points around it move around in a way that looks just like a drawing!