The golden age is a time period in history when people were doing really well, and things were going really well in general. It's called the golden age because it is a time of great happiness and success. Most people talk about times in the past where people lived in peace and comfort, and many amazing inventions and discoveries were made. The Ancient Greek period, sometimes called the "Age of Pericles," was a golden age for the Greeks. During that time, they made wonderful works of art and architecture, and they also were really good at philosophy and mathematics.