Ground effect (aerodynamics)

Imagine you are playing with your toy car on the ground. When you move it really fast, you may feel a sort of push as it gets close to the ground. This is like what happens to airplanes when they fly really close to the ground.

Ground effect happens when an airplane is flying close to the ground, about one wingspan's distance or less. The air that the airplane is traveling through is squished between the wings and the ground. This creates a cushion of air that helps hold the plane up and makes it easier to fly.

Think of it like how you can glide on the water surface when you jump into a pool, but you sink when you stop. The airplane can use ground effect to stay up, but if it gets too close to the ground, the air can get messy and the plane can get into trouble.

Pilots have to be very careful when flying low to the ground, especially when taking off and landing, because ground effect can cause the plane to rise or fall unexpectedly. But when they use it correctly, ground effect can help save fuel and make the ride smoother for everyone on board!