Insider threat means that people who work in a company can also be the ones that cause harm to the company. It's like when you let your friends come over to play with your toys, but one of them takes your favorite toy without asking and breaks it.
In a company, someone who has access to important information, like a computer system or a secret recipe, can use that information to do bad things. For example, they could steal money, delete important files, or sell secrets to another company.
It's important to be careful who you trust at work, just like you would be careful who you trust with your toys. Companies have ways to monitor who is doing what on their computers or around their buildings to make sure that everyone is behaving well and not trying to hurt the company.