An interval vector is like a special set of notes that tell you how far apart each note is from all the others. It's kind of like a map that shows you how to get from one note to another.
Imagine you have a bunch of musical notes, like Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti. If you want to make an interval vector for these notes, you look at how far apart each note is from all the others.
For example, if you want to go from Do to Re, you have to go up one step. If you want to go from Do to Mi, you have to go up two steps. If you want to go from Do to Sol, you have to go up four steps.
So the interval vector for these notes would look like this:
1 2 0 4 3 3
Each number in the vector tells you the distance between one note and another. The first number is the distance from Do to Do (which is always 0), the second number is the distance from Do to Re (which is 1), the third number is the distance from Do to Mi (which is 2), and so on.
It might seem a little bit confusing at first, but once you get the hang of it, interval vectors can be really useful for understanding how different pieces of music are put together.