Okay, imagine your favorite toy is inside a secret room and you really want to play with it. But there's a big door blocking the way and you don't have the key to unlock it. Now, let's say someone comes along who has the key to that secret room and they give it to you. Suddenly, you have the power to unlock the door, go inside, and play with your favorite toy anytime you want.
Now, the Keys of Heaven work kind of like that. In religion, "heaven" is like a super special place that people can go to after they die if they've been good and obeyed God's rules. But just like with the secret room, there's a big door blocking the way - in this case, it's the gates of heaven. The Keys of Heaven are the special keys that will unlock those gates and let good people into heaven.
According to some Christian beliefs, these keys were given to Saint Peter by Jesus himself. Peter was one of Jesus's followers and was considered an important leader in the early Christian church. So, when Peter had the Keys of Heaven, it meant that he had the power to let people into heaven or keep them out, depending on if they were good or bad.
Nowadays, the Keys of Heaven are often seen as a symbol of the power that some religious leaders have - for example, the Pope (who is the head of the Catholic Church) is sometimes said to have the Keys of Heaven, because he's believed to be a direct descendant of Peter and therefore has inherited some of his power.
So, to sum it up: the Keys of Heaven are like special keys that can unlock the gates of heaven and let good people in. They were given to Saint Peter by Jesus and are now seen as a symbol of the power that some religious leaders have.