Alright kiddo, have you ever seen a big tea kettle before? A Lancashire Boiler is kinda like a huge tea kettle that is used to make steam, but instead of tea, it uses water to make steam for powering big machines.
The Lancashire Boiler has two fireplaces inside, one at each end. The fireplaces are where they burn fuel, like coal, to make heat. The heat from the fire goes into pipes that run through the water inside. This heats up the water and turns it into steam, kinda like how hot water turns into steam that comes out of a teapot.
The steam that is made in the Lancashire Boiler is then sent through pipes to power big machines, like factories or steam engines. And that's how this big tea kettle makes steam for machines to work.