A language survey is like asking a big group of people what language they speak. It's like asking all the kids in your school what language they talk at home with their family.
We want to know how many people speak different languages because it helps us understand how diverse a community is. If we know that a lot of people speak Spanish, for example, we might want to have signs and information in Spanish so that everyone can understand.
When we do a language survey, we might ask people to fill out a form or answer questions in person. We might ask them to write down what language or languages they speak, and how well they speak them.
Once we have all the answers, we can count them up and figure out which languages are the most common. This helps us make sure we are communicating effectively with everyone in the community.