Okay, so let's imagine we're playing a game where we have to copy what someone else is doing exactly. Except that person keeps changing what they're doing, so we have to keep adjusting what we're doing to match them.
Now imagine we can't see or hear the person we're copying, but we can see a graph that shows what they're doing. We want to use this graph to copy them as accurately as possible.
A multidelay block frequency domain adaptive filter is like a super smart adult who can do this game really well. It takes in a bunch of information (like the graph and other things we can't see), and uses this to figure out how to adjust what we're doing in real time. It's like a computer program that helps us copy the person perfectly.
The "multidelay block frequency domain" part basically means that it can handle lots of different types of information and analyze it all at once. The "adaptive filter" part means that it can adjust its methods to better match the situation it's in.
Overall, it's a really cool tool that helps us do complicated things like copying someone's movements or isolating certain sounds in music.