Have you ever seen a rainbow? It has a lot of different colors right? This is because light gets separated into different colors as it passes through something like a drop of water or a prism. This is called dispersion.
Now imagine there are multiple prisms, all perfectly lined up in a row. Light passing through them would get dispersed multiple times. That's what Multiple-prism dispersion theory is all about!
Scientists and engineers use this theory to create optical devices that can split light into its different colors in a more efficient way. These devices are used in things like laser technology or to separate different chemicals for scientific analysis.
So, in short, multiple-prism dispersion theory is a way to make gadgets that can separate light or chemicals into different colors by passing them through multiple prisms.