Nobiliary particles are little words that some fancy people add to their last names to show their family has a long history of being important. Think of it like a special decoration that shows everyone they are important and deserve respect.
For example, in some countries like France, people who belong to noble families can add a "de" or "du" or "des" before their last name to show their family has a royal or noble history. It's like a little sticker that shows everyone they are “fancy” or “important” people.
But, just because someone has a nobiliary particle in their name doesn't mean they are necessarily more important or better than anyone else. It's just something that they use to show off a bit of their family history.