The nuclear arms race was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union (a country that no longer exists) to build the most powerful weapons. Both countries wanted to have the most powerful weapons because they were afraid of the other country attacking them. They built more and more powerful weapons which is called an arms race because it is like a race to see who can build the biggest and best weapons. The weapons they were building were called nuclear weapons because they could cause a lot of destruction with just one bomb. Thankfully, the United States and the Soviet Union did not end up using the nuclear weapons against each other and the nuclear arms race finally stopped.