Paleoclimatology is like studying the weather and climate of a really, really long time ago. Like, when dinosaurs roamed the Earth! Scientists use different things to understand what the weather was like back then. One way is by looking at really old things like rocks, ice, tree rings, and fossils.
When we look at these things, we can learn about what the temperature was like, how much rainfall there was, and even what the air was like. Just like how looking at old pictures can tell us what people wore and what their lives were like, looking at old things can give us clues about the Earth's climate a long time ago. Scientists can use this information to help us understand how Earth's climate has changed over time and what might happen in the future. It's kind of like being a detective, but for weather and climate!