The Parthian Empire was a really old kingdom that existed a long, long time ago in a place called the Middle East. It was kind of like a big group of people who lived together and had their own set of rules and ways of doing things.
You know how there are these big kingdoms in stories where there's a king or queen who rules over everybody and they all have to follow their rules? That's kind of what the Parthian Empire was like, except they didn't have one person ruling over everyone - instead, they had a group of people who helped make decisions.
Now, one of the things that made the Parthian Empire special was that they were really good at fighting. They had this really cool technique where they would ride on horseback and shoot arrows at their enemies - kind of like cowboys in the Wild West! This technique made them really hard to beat in battles, and so they were able to expand their kingdom and conquer lots of other places.
But just like lots of other kingdoms, the Parthian Empire eventually came to an end. Over time, other groups of people were able to come in and take over their land, and so the Parthian Empire became a thing of the past. But even though it's not around anymore, we can still learn a lot about it by studying history and reading about all the cool things they did.