Pfeffer integral

Pfeffer integral is when we try to figure out how big something is, but we can't use the regular ways of measuring things like a ruler or a scale. Instead, we use something called "measure theory" which is like a special way of counting. Imagine you have a bunch of cookies and you want to figure out how many cookies you have, but instead of counting them one by one, you group them into different shapes and sizes and count those groups. That's kind of like what measure theory does with pfeffer integral. It groups things together in a smart way, measuring them using different shapes and sizes, and then adds up all those measurements to figure out how big something is. It's like a cool way of math magic!