Polyptoton is a big word that sounds funny, but it's a very simple idea. It means using the same word in different forms or tenses in a sentence.
For example, if someone said "I like to run, I'll be running in the race tomorrow," that's polyptoton. They used the word "run" twice, but once as "to run" and once as "running."
Another example could be "The dog was barking so loudly, and it kept barking until it was very hoarse." In this sentence, "barking" is used two different ways - as the verb the dog was doing, and as a noun to describe the sound it made.
Polyptoton can be used to create emphasis or repetition in writing or speech. It's like playing with words and having some fun with language!