Programming by example is a way of teaching a computer to do tasks by showing it examples. It's like teaching a toy to do a task by demonstrating it to the toy several times. The computer tries to learn the task by figuring out what you did and how you did it.
For example, say you want the computer to organize your photos. Normally, you would have to write a program that tells the computer how to sort the photos, by date or by location or by people in the photos. But with programming by example, you could just show the computer a few examples of how you want the photos sorted, and the computer would learn and sort the remaining pictures in the same format.
It's like a game of follow-the-leader, where you are the leader and the computer is the follower. You show the computer what to do by demonstrating it, and the computer learns from your demonstrations.
Programming by example makes programming easier because it doesn't require as much specialized knowledge. You don't need to know how to code the specific task you want the computer to perform, you just need to show the computer what you want it to do a few times.