Well, a long time ago, before America was even a country, there was a big piece of land that the English people claimed as their own. They called it Carolina. But, the land was so big that they decided to split it into two parts - North Carolina and South Carolina.
Now, imagine a province as a big group of people who all live together in one area and have their own government. The province of Carolina had a governor who was in charge of making sure everything ran smoothly. The governor had people who worked for him, like judges and tax collectors, to help him make decisions and keep things under control.
But, the people who lived in Carolina weren't all the same. There were some who were from England and some who had come over from other countries, like Germany and France. They all had different ways of doing things and different beliefs. Sometimes, this caused problems and disagreements between them.
Despite this, the province of Carolina continued to grow and flourish. It became an important place for agriculture, with lots of farms growing things like rice and tobacco. And eventually, it became part of the United States of America, which made it even more important.
So, in short, the Province of Carolina was a big area of land that belonged to the English people a long time ago. It had its own government and was split into two parts - North Carolina and South Carolina. People with different backgrounds lived there and it became an important place for growing crops.