A remote automated weather station is a fancy box that sits outside in a place where people aren't always around. This box has special machines inside that can measure things like how hot or cold it is, how much rain is falling, and how fast the wind is blowing.
The box is connected to a special computer that can take all of the information that the machines inside the box are measuring and turn it into easy-to-read numbers and graphs. This computer is usually located far away from the box, often in a city.
People who need to know what the weather is like in the place where the box is located can look at the information on the computer. This is useful for people like pilots who need to know if they can safely fly a plane, or farmers who need to know if it's going to rain so they can water their crops.
So basically, a remote automated weather station is like a smart box that can tell people what the weather is like in a faraway place without anyone needing to be there to check it all the time.