Saponification

Saponification is when you mix oils or fats with something called lye, which is like magic soap-making powder. When you mix them together, a chemical reaction happens that turns the oils or fats into soap. This happens because the lye breaks down the oils or fats into smaller pieces called fatty acids, which then combine with the lye to form something called soap molecules. These soap molecules are what make soap lather and clean things when you use it. So when you see soap bubbles, you know that saponification has happened!