A traverse board is a special type of board that sailors used a long time ago to keep track of the direction the ship was moving in. It was like a big grid with lines that showed which direction the wind was blowing from and which direction the ship was sailing in.
So imagine you're playing a game with a big piece of paper that has a grid on it. You draw a line going from the bottom of the page to the top, that's your ship's direction. Then, you also draw little arrows to show which way the wind is blowing.
Now every time something changes - the direction of the wind or the ship - you can move little pegs around the board to keep track of the changes. It helps you keep track of where you are, where you need to go, and how fast you're getting there.
In summary, a traverse board is a tool for sailors to keep track of their ship's direction and the wind's direction, which helped them to navigate their way to their destination.