ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Turing pattern

Imagine we have a plain piece of paper and we want to make some patterns on it. We take a pen and draw some stripes or spots. These are the most basic types of patterns we can create.

Now, if we want to make more complex patterns, like the ones we see on animal skins or in flower petals, it gets trickier. We can't just draw these patterns by hand. We need some rules that help us create the patterns automatically.

That's where Turing patterns come in. They are named after a brilliant scientist called Alan Turing who came up with a theory on how to create complex patterns like those we see in nature.

Turing proposed that a pattern can arise when two chemicals, for example, A and B, interact with each other. One chemical stimulates the production of the other, but also inhibits its own production. The result is a fluctuation of the two chemicals that creates a variety of patterns.

Imagine a small area of the paper that we mentioned before; we call it "cell." Let's suppose that cells contain both A and B chemicals, but at different concentrations. When we let them interact, the cells will create different patterns, depending on how the chemicals oscillate with respect to each other. We can simulate these patterns using mathematical equations.

The exciting thing about Turing patterns is that they are self-organizing, meaning that once the system starts, it stabilizes into a pattern on its own. This phenomenon is called "emergence."

Turing patterns are not only interesting from a scientific perspective, but they also have practical applications. For instance, scientists have used the theory to create artificial skin that can react to touch or changes in temperature, for example. Turing patterns might also help us understand how we can create more efficient solar panels or develop new materials for drug delivery.

In summary, Turing patterns are a type of self-organizing pattern that emerges from the interaction of two chemicals. They can create beautiful patterns and have practical applications in various fields.