Okay kiddo, so imagine you and your friend are playing a game and your friend does something you don't like. Maybe they take your toy without asking or they cheat in the game. You have the power to put some rules in place so they can't do it again, right? That's kind of what United States sanctions are like.
The United States is a country that has power in the world because it's very big and very rich. Sometimes, other countries don't follow the rules or act in a way that the United States doesn't like. When that happens, the United States wants to stop them from doing it again.
So, they have a tool called "sanctions" that they use to punish other countries. Sanctions are like rules that the United States makes that say other countries can't do certain things. If they keep doing it anyway, the United States might stop doing business with them or block their ability to trade with other countries.
For example, let's say a country called Country X is not being very nice to the people who live there. They're not letting them speak their minds or do what they want. That's not fair, right? So, the United States might put some sanctions in place to say "If you keep treating your people this way, we won't buy anything from you and we won't let other countries buy anything from you either." That way, Country X knows they need to shape up and start treating their people better.
Sanctions can be big or small, and they can affect a lot of people or just a few. It's a way for the United States to show other countries what they think is right and wrong.