Do you know what x-rays are? They are like really strong light that can go through things that normal light cannot. X-ray astronomy is when we use special machines in space to detect these x-rays from objects in space.
Imagine you have a toy box, and you want to see what toys are inside without opening it. Normal light cannot go through the box, so you can't see inside. But if you use something like x-rays, they will go through the box and you can see what's inside. That's how x-ray astronomy works!
Scientists use special telescopes and satellites in space to detect these x-rays from the stars, galaxies, and black holes in space. By studying these x-rays, scientists can learn about what these things are made of, how they move, and even how they form.
So basically, x-ray astronomy helps us see things in space that we cannot see with our eyes or normal telescopes. It's like using a really cool tool to peek inside the toy box of the universe and learn more about it!