A brute force attack is when someone tries to guess a password or some other confidential information by trying out lots and lots of different possibilities. It's like when you are trying to open a locked door, but instead of trying one key, you try lots and lots of different keys until you find the one that opens the door. People use brute force attacks to try to get hold of someone else's confidential information like passwords or credit card details so they can use them for their own advantage.