Ok kiddo, the Chicago Boys were a group of economists from the University of Chicago in the 1970s. They were named this because they were all dudes and they lived in Chicago, kinda like a club or team.
These economists had some big ideas about how to run a country's economy. They believed in something called "neoliberalism," which basically means they thought the government should have as little control over the economy as possible. They thought businesses should be free to do whatever they wanted without the government getting in the way.
So, some governments in Latin America (places like Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia) hired these Chicago Boys to help them fix their struggling economies. The Chicago Boys came in and told the governments to cut taxes, reduce spending, and sell off government-owned businesses.
Some people liked what the Chicago Boys were saying and thought it would help their countries. But others didn't like it so much. They thought the Chicago Boys were just helping rich people get richer and making poor people even poorer.
So, in summary, the Chicago Boys were a group of economists who believed in neoliberalism and were hired to help countries fix their economies. Some people thought they were helpful, while others disagreed with their ideas.