A circular rampart is like a very big wall that goes in a circle. Imagine you are playing with blocks and you make a circle with them. A circular rampart is like a bigger version of that circle, but it's made out of dirt or stone or other hard materials.
People used to build circular ramparts a long time ago to protect themselves and their homes from enemies. The circular shape made it harder for enemies to sneak in without being seen. Plus, if someone wanted to attack, they would have to go all the way around the rampart to get in, which would take a long time and could make them tired.
Inside the circular rampart, there might be houses or other buildings where the people who lived there would stay safe. They might have also had weapons and other things to help them defend themselves from attackers.
Nowadays, people don't usually build circular ramparts anymore because we have other ways to protect ourselves, like fences and security systems. But they were really important a long time ago when people had to rely on walls and forts to keep them safe.