Compensatory growth is when something gets bigger, faster than normal after being deprived of something earlier.
Let's say you have a plant that has not been watered for a week, it might start growing extra fast after you water it. That's compensatory growth.
In animals, it can happen when they haven't had enough food for a while. They might start eating more and growing faster than they would if they had been fed normally.
It’s like if a kid gets sick and can’t play sports for a while. After they get better, they might practice more and get better at their sport faster to make up for lost time.
So, when your body is deprived of something, it can compensate by growing more when it is given that thing back. This helps the body catch up and get back to where it should be.