Cultural-historical Activity Theory (CHAT) is a theory that helps us think about how different people learn and do activities. It looks at how people's activities are shaped by their background and their culture. The theory suggests that when we do activities, like studying or playing a game, we are influenced by the things we learn from our parents, friends, teachers and social groups. This means that learning is strongly connected with our cultural and historical backgrounds. For example, if you are from a culture that is used to playing a certain sport, then playing that sport will be easier for you than if you are from a different culture that does not have that same background. So, CHAT helps us understand why we do certain activities the way we do, and how to use this knowledge to help everyone learn in their own way.