Exposure action value is a fancy way of saying that there are certain levels of something that can be dangerous for us if we are exposed to it for a long time. This something can be anything, like noise or chemicals.
Think of it like eating candy. A little bit of candy is okay, but if you eat too much, you can get sick. In the same way, if we are exposed to something like loud noises for a long time, it can hurt our ears and make it harder for us to hear.
Exposure action value tells us when we need to do something about these levels. For example, if the sound at a concert is getting too loud and it has reached the exposure action value, we might need to put earplugs in to protect our ears. Or, if the levels of a chemical in our workplace have reached the exposure action value, we might need to wear a special suit or mask to protect ourselves.
So, just like we need to be careful with how much candy we eat, exposure action value reminds us to be careful with certain things around us so we can stay healthy and safe.