ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Formal science

Formal science is a branch of science that deals with knowledge that can be expressed in mathematical terms. This type of science is concerned with how to use mathematics to understand and make predictions about the world. It is also used to study the relationships between different kinds of information. Examples of formal sciences include mathematics, statistics, and computer science. These are important tools for scientists who use them to understand how things work and to study how things change over time.