ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Okay, so imagine you have a piece of candy that you want to figure out what's inside it. You can't just break it open and see because that would ruin the candy, so you have to use a special machine called Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to help figure it out.

First, you take the candy and add it to a tube. Then, you heat it up and turn it into a gas. Just like how water turns into steam when it gets really hot, the candy turns into a gas when it gets heated up.

Next, the gas is put into a special machine called a Gas Chromatograph (GC). This machine separates the different parts of the gas and puts them into different sections. It's like when you have a bunch of different colored candies and you sort them into different piles based on their color.

After the gas has been separated, it moves on to a Mass Spectrometer (MS). This machine helps identify what the different parts of the gas are by measuring their weight. It's like when you put different sized candies on a scale to see how much they weigh.

Once the Mass Spectrometer figures out what the different parts of the gas are, it creates a graph that shows all the different parts and how much there is of each one. This graph is like a really detailed picture of what's inside the candy. It shows all the different ingredients and how much of each one is in there.

In the end, scientists can use GC-MS to figure out what's inside all kinds of things, not just candy. They can use it to analyze different chemicals and see what they're made of. It's a really cool machine that helps us learn about the world around us!