Okay kiddo, imagine you have a water hose that you use to water your plants. Now, imagine that you want to connect that hose to another object, like a sprinkler or a nozzle. To do that, you need something that attaches to the end of the hose and has a little protrusion or "barb" on it that keeps the hose from slipping off.
That something is called a "hose barb." It's usually made of metal or plastic and has a threaded end that screws onto the object you want to connect your hose to. The other end of the barb has a little tube-like protrusion with ridges or notches on it that provide extra grip inside the hose.
When you put the hose on the barb, you slide it over the protrusion and push until the ridges or notches are snugly inside the hose. This makes sure that the hose won't come off when you turn on the water or move the object you attached it to.
So basically, a hose barb is a little gadget that lets you connect your water hose to other things securely so you can keep your plants watered or do other fun stuff with your hose. Cool, huh?