ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Interval arithmetic

Interval arithmetic is a way of doing math involving two numbers at once. Instead of only working with one number at a time, like normal arithmetic, you work with two numbers together. These two numbers represent opposite ends of a range, like a small number and a big number. By doing math with these two numbers together, you can get a better idea of what range of numbers you might end up with.