When we want to learn about a material, like a toy or a piece of metal, we use something called material characterization. It's like looking at a cake to see what's inside.
Scientists use different tools to look at the material closer and know what it's like. They might cut it into tiny pieces or shine a light on it to see if it reflects differently in certain areas.
They also use special machines to test how strong or bendy the material is, or how well it can conduct electricity or heat. They might even compare it to other known materials to see how they behave differently.
All this information helps us understand how the material might work or how we can make it better for certain uses, like building strong buildings or making computers work faster. It's like learning about different ingredients to make a better cake!