An output device is something you use to see or hear things that come out of a machine. For example, when you play a video game on your computer, the pictures and sounds come out of the screen and speakers. Those are output devices!
Other examples of output devices include printers, which make paper copies of things on your computer, and headphones, which play music or sound from your phone or tablet.
So, whenever a machine wants to show or tell you something, it uses an output device to do it!