Petroleum Politics is when a country with a lot of oil (called a "petroleum-producing country") uses its oil resources to try to get other countries to do things that it wants them to do. For example, a petroleum-producing country might threaten to cut off oil to another country if they don't do something it wants them to do. This can be a powerful tool because if the other country doesn't have enough oil or other resources of their own, they could be in big trouble without the oil coming into their country. So, petroleum politics is a way for a country with a lot of oil to try and get other countries to do what it wants.