ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Sensory illusions in aviation

Hi there! So, imagine you are sitting in an airplane and it starts to turn. You might feel like you are leaning to one side even if you are sitting upright. This feeling is caused by a sensory illusion.

Sensory illusions are when our brain gets confused about what we are sensing. In aviation, these illusions can happen because our senses might not match up with what is happening around us.

One common sensory illusion is called the "leans." This happens when an airplane is banking (turning). Even if you are sitting upright, your body might feel like it is leaning to one side. This happens because your inner ear, which helps you to sense balance and spatial orientation, is being tilted along with the plane. But your eyes, which help you to see the world around you, might still be looking straight ahead. This can create a conflict between what your body feels and what your eyes see, causing a confusing sensation.

Another sensory illusion in aviation is called the "somatogravic illusion." This happens when a plane accelerates or decelerates quickly, such as during takeoff or landing. Your inner ear, again, senses the movement and tells your brain that you are tilting forward or backward. But your eyes might not see the same thing, which can make you feel like you are suddenly tipping forward or backward.

Sensory illusions can be dangerous in aviation because they can cause pilots to misinterpret what is happening around them. For example, if a pilot experiences the "leans," they might think that the plane is turning less than it actually is. This can cause them to make incorrect turns and put the plane in danger. Pilots are trained to recognize and overcome sensory illusions, but it's important for everyone on board to be aware of them as well.