Small for gestational age means that a baby is smaller than what is expected for their age during pregnancy. A baby's growth in the womb depends on how well they get nutrients and how well their mother's body feeds them through the placenta.
If a baby is not getting enough nutrients or if there is something wrong with the placenta, they may not grow as much as they should. This can happen if the mother has health conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, or if she smokes, drinks alcohol or takes drugs during pregnancy.
When babies are small for gestational age, it means that they may have not developed properly, and they could be in danger of having health problems. The baby may have difficulty keeping warm, difficulty feeding, and may have problems fighting infections. Babies that are small for gestational age may need special care and monitoring after birth to ensure they are growing and developing properly.