Solar azimuth angle is a way to measure the position of the sun in the sky. Imagine standing on a playground looking up at the sun. Now, pretend that you have a big circle around you called a horizon. This is the line where the earth meets the sky.
Now, imagine that you divide that circle into 360 pieces, like cutting a pizza into slices. These pieces are called degrees. Each degree represents a different angle from where you are standing.
The solar azimuth angle is the degree measurement of where the sun is in the sky, from your perspective. For example, if you are standing facing north, and the sun is located to your right, the solar azimuth angle would be 90 degrees, because the sun is 90 degrees to the right of where you are facing.
This angle changes throughout the day as the sun moves from east to west in the sky. In the morning, the solar azimuth angle will be low, starting around 0 or 30 degrees, depending on where you are in the world. As the sun rises higher in the sky, the angle will increase, peaking around noon when the sun is directly overhead.
In the afternoon, the angle will decrease again as the sun starts to set towards the west. When the sun reaches the western horizon, the solar azimuth angle will be around 270 degrees.
Knowing the solar azimuth angle is important for people who use solar panels to generate electricity because they need to face the panels in the direction where the sun is strongest. By knowing the angle of the sun, they can adjust the panels to receive the most sunlight and generate the most electricity possible.