ELI5: Explain Like I'm 5

Vernam cipher

A Vernam cipher is a way of sending secret messages. It works by turning your message into a series of numbers and using another set of numbers to mix them up. It's like a secret code that only you and the person you're sending the message to understand. To use the Vernam cipher, you need two things: a message to send and a key. The key is a special set of numbers that helps you scramble (or "encrypt") the message so that no one else can read it. To read the message, you and the person you sent it to both need to have the same key. This makes it almost impossible for anyone else to understand the message.